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Speed of Onset of Donor Brain Death Leads to Differences in Renal Function and Expression of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Rat Kidneys

D. Hoeksma,1 R. Rebolledo,2 M. Hottenrott,3 Y. Bodar,1 H. Leuvenink.1

1Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
2Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
3Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

Meeting: 2015 American Transplant Congress

Abstract number: A59

Keywords: Brain death, Donation, Kidney, Oxidant stress

Session Information

Date: Saturday, May 2, 2015

Session Name: Poster Session A: Donor Management: All Organs

Session Time: 5:30pm-7:30pm

 Presentation Time: 5:30pm-7:30pm

Location: Exhibit Hall E

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Introduction

Donor brain death (BD) is an independent risk factor for primary and delayed renal graft function. Furthermore, the speed of onset of brain death, traumatic (sudden) or hemorrhagic (gradual), influences graft function after transplantation. No explanation has been reported so far to explain the differential effect of cause of donor BD on renal graft function. This study was conducted to elucidate potential underlying processes initiated by either sudden or gradual brain injury leading to BD.

Material & Methods

Gradual- and sudden onset BD was induced in 64 mechanically ventilated male Fisher rats by inflating a 4.0F Fogarty catheter in the epidural space. Rats were observed for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, or 4 h following BD induction. Tissue and serum from 8 non brain dead rats were used to obtain baseline values. Gradual onset BD was achieved by inflating the catheter at a speed of 0.015 ml/min until confirmation of BD by the increase in blood pressure (BP) due to the characteristic catecholamine storm. Sudden onset of brain death was achieved by inflating the catheter at 0.45 ml/min for 1 minute. BP was kept above 80 mmHg through the administration of plasma expanders or nor-epinephrine. Temperature, end tidal CO2, and oxygen saturation were regulated and kept at normal values.

Results

Gradual-onset BD led to a consistent drop in BP below 60 mm Hg during induction whereas sudden-onset BD led to a rise in BP above 200 mmHg. Sudden-onset BD rats required more inotropic support during the first hour of BD. Plasma creatinine values were significantly higher in gradual-onset BD rats at all time points. Gradual-onset of BD led to significant higher renal levels of, MDA, glutathione reductase activity, oxidized glutathione and mRNA expression of IL-6, HO-1, iNOS, and MnSOD after 4 h of BD.

Conclusion

Gradual-onset of BD leads to increased renal inflammation and oxidative stress compared to sudden-onset of BD. The hypotensive period during gradual-onset BD induction could be a possible explanation for these results.

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To cite this abstract in AMA style:

Hoeksma D, Rebolledo R, Hottenrott M, Bodar Y, Leuvenink H. Speed of Onset of Donor Brain Death Leads to Differences in Renal Function and Expression of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Rat Kidneys [abstract]. Am J Transplant. 2015; 15 (suppl 3). https://atcmeetingabstracts.com/abstract/speed-of-onset-of-donor-brain-death-leads-to-differences-in-renal-function-and-expression-of-inflammatory-and-oxidative-stress-markers-in-rat-kidneys/. Accessed March 6, 2021.

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