*Purpose: Pediatric liver transplantation (pLTX) has become a part of treatment for Hepatoblastoma (HB). The incidence and characterization of infectious events (IE) has not been previously compared in pLTX with and without HB.

*Methods: As a single center retrospective chart review study of pLTX recipients ≤12 years old from 6/2008-6/2018, IE were collected from the EHR starting 30 days pre-pLTX through one-year post-pLTX. Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests and chi-square tests with significance level of p<0.05.

*Results: We performed 174 pLTXs on 170 patients: 30 HB, 140 Non-Hepatoblastoma (NHB; 80 with biliary atresia). Table 1 shows no significant demographic difference between the groups. The average number of IE during the 1-year period post-pLTX was 4.52 (range 0 to 16) for all 174 events; HB averaged 5.32 IE (0 to 14) and NHB 4.28 IE (0 to 16; p=0.78). Respiratory Viral Infection was most common (13% IE, Table 2). Fever and neutropenia (FN) occurred more frequently in the HB cohort (<0.0001) while positive surgical cultures (SCx) were more likely in NHB (P<0.03). Other infectious events occurred at similar rates in both HB and NHB (p>0.05, Table 3). Intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) was associated with split/partial pLTX in total (p=0.009). Multi-drug resistant organism IE were observed, but there was no significant difference in HB compared to NHB.

*Conclusions: HB patients are at an increased risk for FN post pLTX, potentially due to post-pLTX chemotherapy regimens not used in NHB. The increase in positive SCx of the NHB group and IAA in split pLTX will be further explored in multivariable analyses with evaluation of surgical technique and delayed fascial closure.

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