*Purpose: Rituximab is commonly used in the context of kidney transplantation. Evidence about infectious complications and its relationship with predictive factors is scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of infectious complications and malignancies in renal transplant recipients receiving rituximab and its relationship with patients comorbidities.

*Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed from the registry of transplant patients in our center who received rituximab between 2014 and 2016. We analyzed the infections that required hospital treatment for> 48 hours in a period of two years after the administration of the treatment as well as the incidence of malignancies in the observation period

*Results: 114 patients with the following baseline characteristics were included (table 1). The total number of infections was 101 (71 in the first year and 30 in the second), with an infection rate/patient of 0.62 and 0.26 respectively. The incidence was higher in the first 3 months (54.93%). Of the total infections, the main focus was urinary (42 cases) and 7 cases required admission to the intensive care unit. A modified Charlson index (CI) ≥2 was associated with infections at 3 months and 1 year, OR 3.17 (p 0.042 and 0.031 respectively). 29% patients presented severe lymphopenia (<300/ml), with an average duration of 50+/-72 days post-administration, without being associated with an increased risk of infection (p 0.16 in the first year and p 0.09 in the second year). A total of 4 malignancies were observed (testicular, breast, acute myeloid leukemia and follicular lymphoma).

*Conclusions: The incidence of infections is greater during the first year and mainly in the first 3 months after the administration. A CI ≥2 is associated with a higher incidence of infectious complications after the use of rituximab.

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