*Purpose: To understand how known patient, provider, and system-level barriers to organ transplantation differ by race and ethnicity.

*Methods: We searched Pubmed and Scopus for articles from 2009-2019 using the following medical subject headings (MeSH): transplantation, transplants, barriers, disparity, difference, obstacles, ethnicity, ethnic, race, racial, African American, black, Hispanic, Latino, and LatinX. Of the initial 1,886 records, 31 articles were included in the final review.

*Results: Of the 31 articles included in the final review, studies reporting barriers to kidney transplantation were most prevalent (25/31), followed by liver (4/31) and heart (2/31). Studies focusing on black race were more common than other racial and ethnic groups (77.4%). Barriers at the patient level accounted for the majority, 7/12 (58.3%), a finding that was consistent across the three racial and ethnic groups. Across organs, 12 principle barriers were identified. Common barriers to kidney transplantation includes lack of knowledge about organ transplantation, patient preference, and lower family income. Common barriers to liver transplantation were insurance and patient preference.

*Conclusions: The published data on barriers to organ transplantation is overwhelmingly focused on kidney transplantation in black patients. Patient-level factors, specifically patient preference and knowledge of organ transplantation represent targets for intervention. More data on barriers to organ transplantation are needed for Hispanic individuals.

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