*Purpose: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation are prevalent in patients listed for pancreas transplantation and associated with increased cardiovascular risk in the general population. We aimed to assess if heart rate variability and endothelial function improves when hyperglycemia is reversed by single pancreas transplantation in diabetes mellitus type 1 patients.

*Methods: Included patients were investigated before transplantation, when on transplant waiting list, and later 8 weeks and 1 year after transplantation. The study procedures included assessment of heart rate variability, arterial stiffness by SphygmoCor®, endothelial function in arteria brachialis by flow-mediated dilation assessment and in fingertip microvessels by Endo-PAT®.

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02066350.

*Results: Median (range) time from pre- transplant measurements to time of transplantation was 7 (1-16) months. Results for eight patients tested before transplantation and 8- week post- transplant and sixteen patients tested at 8- weeks and 52- weeks after transplantation are shown in Table 1.

*Conclusions: Our findings indicate that patients waiting for single pancreas transplantation have deteriorating test results for heart rate variability and endothelial function until week 8 after transplantation, but several of these tests for endothelial function and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy improve one year after transplantation.

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