*Purpose: Case management is commonly used by payers to attempt to improve the care their members who have complex needs such as those who undergo transplantation. There are few observational studies evaluating the effects that transplant case management programs have on the clinical outcomes following a solid organ transplant. This limits the understanding of the quantitative effectiveness of such programs.

*Methods: In this retrospective, cohort study of solid organ transplant recipients with access to a transplant case management program, healthcare claims data were used to determine whether program participation affected clinical outcomes following the transplant, such as organ rejection, inpatient bed days, readmission, pneumonia, and mortality. The case-control study design used propensity score one-to-one matching to balance the comparison groups on demographic and pre-transplant clinical characteristics.

*Results: A cohort of 1,750 adults 18 years and older (875 cases and 875 controls) who had a solid organ transplant between 2018 and 2020 was followed beginning at the time of referral to the transplant until 90 days following the transplant procedure. Transplant recipients who participated in the case management program had significantly lower 30-day and 90-day rejection rates, fewer 30-day and 90-day readmissions, lower transplant mortality and 90-day mortality, and fewer bed days post-transplant compared to transplant recipients who did not participate in case management. Outcomes were also examined by individual organ type, including heart, kidney, liver, lung, and pancreas. Liver transplant recipients who participated in the case management program consistently showed better outcomes across all measures. The other organ types showed less consistent results, however this is likely a result of smaller sample sizes.

*Conclusions: Patients who participate in a case management program prior to through 90-days following a solid organ transplant have more favorable clinical outcomes than organ transplant recipients who do not participate in case management.

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