*Purpose: Urinary tract complications after renal transplantation, including urinary mechanical and infectious complications, could lead to graft loss. In order to avoid these situations, prophylactic ureteral stents are commonly used in transplantation. However, the benefits of stents remains controversial due to potential detrimental effects. Additionally, there is little research on the value of ureteral stents placement in anuric dialysis recipients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of ureteral stents after deceased donor renal transplantation, especially in recipients with anuria.

*Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 545 deceased donor renal transplant recipients in our center from January 2014 to December 2016. 448 patients among them were selected as subjects and divided into non-stent group(Group A) and stent group(Group B) on the basis of whether the double J tubes were indwelt during the operation. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the preoperative urine volume further:Group A1 with anuria and non-stent(n=106), Group A2 with urine and non-stent(n=118);Group B1 with anuria and stent(n=143),Group B2 with urine and stent(n=81). The occurrence of urinary complications including mechanical and infectious complications were recorded in each group within 1 year after transplantation.

*Results: The total incidence of mechanical complications was 3.8%,including 8 cases with urinary leakage (1.8%) and 9 cases with obstruction (2.0%).There were no significant difference on the incidence of mechanical complications in stent and non-stent group (5.4% vs 2.2%,P>0.05). The urinary tract infection rate was higher in stent group than non-stent group (41.0% vs 20.9%, p<0. 001).There were significant differences in the incidence and occurrence time of BK viruria between the two groups (p=0. 037, 0. 004). In subgroup analysis, compared with anuria and stent group, there is no increase in the incidence of mechanical conplications in anuria and non-stent group(p>0.05). The urinary tract infection rate was higher in anuria and stent group than anuria and non-stent group (44.8%vs 28.2% ,p=0. 008).

*Conclusions: In our study, the use of ureteral stents could not reduce the occurrence of mechanical complications but significantly increased the risk of urinary tract and BK virus infection. As for recipients with anuria, no indwelling stent could be tried to reduce the occurrence of urinary tract infection.

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