*Purpose: Neurogenic bladder is a condition associated with high incidence of urinary tract infections (UTI). Infections in immunocompromised patients can be life-threatening and result in a reduction in immunosuppressive therapy which can compromise the function of kidney graft. There is lack of data in the literature on the outcome of kidney transplantation in adult recipients with neurogenic bladder.

*Methods: The medical records of six patients followed during 3 to 101 months after transplantation was retrospectively analyzed. The aim of the study was to establish long-term survival of patients, kidney grafts and infection rate after transplantation with neurogenic bladder.

*Results: The mean ± SD (range) age of the study cohort was 31.6± 11.0 (20-50) at the time of transplantation. Cause of neurogenic bladder in 3 patients was spinal cord injury, 1 meningomyelocele patient,1patient with detrusor areflexia after bladder surgery and 1 of unspecified neurological disorder. All patients had repeated urinary tract infections after transplantation. During the monitoring of the patient, there was a mean number 14.3±10.4 (5-34) infections requiring oral antibiotic therapy and mean number 3.8±1.47 (2-6) urinary tract infections requiring hospitalization and intravenous antibiotic therapy. One patient died 30 months after transplantation due to squamous cell bladder cancer with a functioning graft, one kidney graft lost its function 60 months after transplantation due to BKV nephropathy. Two patients had one episode of acute cellular rejection (IA), which was treated by bolus of steroids. Mean serum creatinine on the last visit was 84.6 μmol/L ± 21.82 (56-109).

*Conclusions: Kidney transplantation is a possible treatment method in patients with neurogenic bladder and ESRD, especially because it is for younger patient with longer life expectancy. Acceptable patient survival, graft function and serious UTI rates can be achieved in patients with ESRD attributable to neurogenic bladder after kidney transplantation.

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